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প্রশ্ন: Roma ____ ill since last week.

(ক) had been
(খ) is
(গ) has been
(ঘ) was
সঠিক উত্তর: (গ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: since + past time থাকলে present perfect tense হয়। তাই has been ব্যবহৃত হবে। Example: She has been sick since Monday.

প্রশ্ন: A friend of mine phoned ____ me to party.

(ক) for invite
(খ) to invite
(গ) for inviting
(ঘ) for to invite
সঠিক উত্তর: (খ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: purpose বোঝাতে to + V1 ব্যবহৃত হয়। ‘phoned to invite me’ মানে আমন্ত্রণ জানানোর জন্য ফোন করেছিল।

প্রশ্ন: We want to take legal action against the hoodlum. In this sentence 'to' is a/an-

(ক) Adverb
(খ) Conjunction
(গ) Preposition
(ঘ) Infinitive marker
সঠিক উত্তর: (ঘ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: verb-এর base form-এর আগে ‘to’ বসে infinitive তৈরি করলে সেটি infinitive marker। এখানে ‘to take’ উদ্দেশ্য/কাজ বোঝাচ্ছে।

প্রশ্ন: Which sentence uses inchoative verb?

(ক) It is dark
(খ) It is growing dark
(গ) He is weak
(ঘ) He was king
সঠিক উত্তর: (খ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Inchoative verb পরিবর্তন বা becoming state বোঝায়। ‘growing dark’ মানে অন্ধকার হয়ে উঠছে; তাই growing inchoative sense দিয়েছে।

প্রশ্ন: Which one of the following is a causative verb?

(ক) Do
(খ) Happen
(গ) Help
(ঘ) Cause
সঠিক উত্তর: (গ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: causative verb অন্য কাউকে কোনো কাজ করাতে/করতে সাহায্য করাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। Help causative sense নিতে পারে। Example: He helped me solve it.

প্রশ্ন: Fill in the blank with the correct word. ____ he lay on the ground groaning.

(ক) Injured
(খ) Injuring
(গ) having injured
(ঘ) Be injured
সঠিক উত্তর: (ক)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: reduced passive participle phrase-এ being omitted হতে পারে। ‘Injured, he lay…’ মানে ‘Being injured’। তাই injured সঠিক।

প্রশ্ন: “I will not let you go.” In this sentence ‘go’ is a/an-

(ক) infinitive
(খ) gerund
(গ) participle
(ঘ) verbal noun
সঠিক উত্তর: (ক)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: let, make, see, hear-এর পরে bare infinitive বসে, অর্থাৎ ‘to’ ছাড়া base verb। তাই ‘go’ infinitive।

প্রশ্ন: “Huffing and puffing, we arrived at the classroom door with only seven seconds to spare.” In this sentence the verb ‘arrived’ is-

(ক) intransitive
(খ) transitive
(গ) causative
(ঘ) defective
সঠিক উত্তর: (ক)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: intransitive verb object নেয় না। এখানে ‘arrived’ এর পরে কোনো direct object নেই; তাই verbটি intransitive।

প্রশ্ন: In the 18th Century, the Mughal Empire began to ____.

(ক) discriminate
(খ) disintegrate
(গ) differentiate
(ঘ) dislocate
সঠিক উত্তর: (খ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: disintegrate মানে ভেঙে পড়া/বিচ্ছিন্ন হওয়া। সাম্রাজ্য পতনের প্রসঙ্গে এই verb-টাই natural collocation।

প্রশ্ন: I took a map with me, as I didn’t want to ____ my way on the journey.

(ক) loose
(খ) lose
(গ) lost
(ঘ) loss
সঠিক উত্তর: (খ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: ‘lose’ verb মানে হারানো। ‘Loose’ adjective, ‘lost’ past form, ‘loss’ noun। Blank-এ base verb দরকার।

প্রশ্ন: He advised me ____ smoking.

(ক) giving up
(খ) to give up
(গ) in giving up
(ঘ) from giving up
সঠিক উত্তর: (খ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: advise + object + to + V1 structure ব্যবহৃত হয়। তাই ‘advised me to give up’ সঠিক।

প্রশ্ন: Many people ____ fake news on social media, which ____ by checking carefully the source of information.

(ক) spread; identify
(খ) are spreading; identified
(গ) spread; can be identified
(ঘ) are spread; is being
সঠিক উত্তর: (গ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: general truth হলে present simple ‘spread’। Relative clause-এ news passive হয়: can be + V3 → can be identified।

প্রশ্ন: My doctor had absolutely forbidden me ____ champagne.

(ক) to not to drink
(খ) to drink
(গ) drinking
(ঘ) for drinking of
সঠিক উত্তর: (খ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: forbid + object + to + V1 structure হয়। তাই ‘forbidden me to drink’ grammar অনুযায়ী সঠিক।

প্রশ্ন: We make baskets is an example of

(ক) Present perfect tense
(খ) Transitive verb
(গ) Intransitive verb
(ঘ) Passive voice
সঠিক উত্তর: (খ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Transitive verb এর পরে object লাগে। এখানে ‘make’ এর object ‘baskets’। Example: She writes letters. তাই এটি transitive verb.

প্রশ্ন: The number of auxiliary verbs in English is

(ক) Twelve
(খ) Fifteen
(গ) Eleven
(ঘ) Thirteen
সঠিক উত্তর: (ঘ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: 3টি primary auxiliary (be, have, do) + 10টি modal auxiliary = মোট 13টি। Example: can, may, must, should ইত্যাদি modal verb.

প্রশ্ন: Fire burns. What kind of verb is burn

(ক) Causative
(খ) Copulative
(গ) Intransitive
(ঘ) Transitive
সঠিক উত্তর: (গ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Intransitive verb এর পরে object লাগে না। ‘burns’ এখানে object ছাড়াই সম্পূর্ণ। Example: The baby cries.

প্রশ্ন: Which of the following can be used as a modal as well as main verb

(ক) Do
(খ) Need
(গ) Could
(ঘ) Mind
সঠিক উত্তর: (খ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: ‘Need’ modal (Need I go?) ও main verb (I need help) দুইভাবেই ব্যবহৃত হয়। তাই এটি semi-modal verb।

প্রশ্ন: Father loves me. Here 'loves' is an example of

(ক) Intransitive verb
(খ) Simple verb
(গ) Auxiliary verb
(ঘ) Transitive verb
সঠিক উত্তর: (ঘ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: ‘love’ verb এর object ‘me’ আছে, তাই এটি transitive verb। Example: She loves music.

প্রশ্ন: The sentence 'He seems to have acted rightly' is

(ক) Past Continuous
(খ) Simple Past
(গ) Past Perfect
(ঘ) Perfect infinitive
সঠিক উত্তর: (ঘ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: ‘seem, appear, happen’ এর পরে Perfect Infinitive (to have + V3) ব্যবহৃত হয় অতীতে সম্পন্ন কাজ বোঝাতে। Example: He seems to have completed the task.

প্রশ্ন: California relies heavily on income from fruit crops, and ___.

(ক) Florida also
(খ) Florida too
(গ) so does Florida
(ঘ) Florida is as well
সঠিক উত্তর: (গ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: একই positive idea repeat করতে ‘so + auxiliary + subject’। Verb ‘relies’ → auxiliary ‘does’। Example: She works hard, and so does her brother.

প্রশ্ন: She didn’t see anyone she knew, and ___.

(ক) either did Tanu
(খ) Tanu did not see
(গ) nor did Tanu
(ঘ) neither did Tanu
সঠিক উত্তর: (ঘ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Negative agreement-এ ‘neither/nor + auxiliary + subject’। Example: He didn’t come, and neither did I. Auxiliary subject-এর আগে আসে।

প্রশ্ন: He did not write to me, nor ___.

(ক) he telephoned
(খ) telephoned
(গ) did he telephone
(ঘ) has not telephoned
সঠিক উত্তর: (গ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: ‘nor’ ব্যবহারে inversion হয় → auxiliary + subject + base verb। Example: He didn’t call, nor did he message.

প্রশ্ন: My family members do not like tea and ___.

(ক) I don’t too
(খ) neither do I
(গ) I do neither
(ঘ) neither I do
সঠিক উত্তর: (খ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Negative agreement-এ ‘neither + auxiliary + subject’। Example: They don’t like tea, and neither do I.

প্রশ্ন: My friend does not like sweets, and ___ do I.

(ক) neither
(খ) either
(গ) or
(ঘ) so
সঠিক উত্তর: (ক)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Negative clause-এ ‘neither’ ব্যবহার করে agreement করা হয়। Structure: neither + auxiliary + subject। Example: She doesn’t smoke, and neither do I.

প্রশ্ন: Technically, glass is mineral and ___.

(ক) water is so
(খ) so is water
(গ) so water is
(ঘ) water so is
সঠিক উত্তর: (খ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Positive agreement-এ ‘so + be verb + subject’। Example: He is happy, and so is she.

প্রশ্ন: My sister does not like backbiting and neither do I.

(ক) My sister does not like backbiting and neither do I
(খ) My sister does not like backbiting and I do either
(গ) My sister does not like backbiting and neither I do
(ঘ) My sister does not like backbiting and I do
সঠিক উত্তর: (ক)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Negative agreement-এ ‘neither do I’ সঠিক। ‘I do either’ ভুল। Auxiliary subject-এর আগে বসে inversion তৈরি করে।

প্রশ্ন: Neptune is an extremely cold planet ___ Uranus.

(ক) so does
(খ) so has
(গ) so is
(ঘ) it is
সঠিক উত্তর: (গ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: ‘so + be verb + subject’ ব্যবহার করে positive agreement করা হয়। Example: He is tall, and so is his brother.

প্রশ্ন: Times have changed and so ___.

(ক) I have
(খ) had I
(গ) had I
(ঘ) have I
সঠিক উত্তর: (ঘ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Perfect tense-এ ‘so + auxiliary (have) + subject’। Example: They have finished, and so have we.

প্রশ্ন: Runa wants to go home and ___.

(ক) so we are
(খ) so want are
(গ) so do we
(ঘ) we do so
সঠিক উত্তর: (গ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Verb ‘wants’ → auxiliary ‘do’ ব্যবহার করে ‘so do we’। Example: She likes music, and so do I.

প্রশ্ন: My friend believes that research is a group effort and ___ do I.

(ক) as
(খ) the same
(গ) so
(ঘ) too
সঠিক উত্তর: (গ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Positive agreement-এ ‘so’ ব্যবহার করে inversion করা হয়। Example: He agrees, and so do I.

প্রশ্ন: Peter can't go and I can't ___.

(ক) neither
(খ) too
(গ) also
(ঘ) either
সঠিক উত্তর: (ঘ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Negative clause-এ শেষে ‘either’ ব্যবহার হয়। Example: I don’t like it, and she doesn’t either.

প্রশ্ন: My parents don't like coffee, and ___.

(ক) neither do I
(খ) neither I do
(গ) I do
(ঘ) I do either
সঠিক উত্তর: (ক)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Negative agreement-এ ‘neither do I’ সঠিক। Example: They don’t eat meat, and neither do I.

প্রশ্ন: She can't drive and ___.

(ক) can her husband
(খ) her husband can neither
(গ) neither can her husband
(ঘ) can neither her husband
সঠিক উত্তর: (গ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Negative agreement-এ ‘neither + auxiliary + subject’। Example: She can’t swim, and neither can her brother.

প্রশ্ন: He is hardworking and ___.

(ক) I am so
(খ) so am I
(গ) so I am
(ঘ) I too am
সঠিক উত্তর: (খ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Positive agreement-এ ‘so + auxiliary + subject’ ব্যবহার হয়। Example: He is honest, and so am I. Auxiliary verb subject-এর আগে বসে।

প্রশ্ন: Never ___ such a heinous crime.

(ক) he has committed
(খ) has he done
(গ) has he done
(ঘ) has he committed
সঠিক উত্তর: (ঘ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: ‘Never’ দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হলে auxiliary verb subject-এর আগে আসে (inversion)। Present perfect হলে: has + subject + V3। Example: Never have I seen such cruelty.

প্রশ্ন: ___ received law degrees as today.

(ক) Never so many women have
(খ) Never have so many women
(গ) The women aren't ever
(ঘ) Women who have never
সঠিক উত্তর: (খ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: ‘Never’ দিয়ে শুরু করলে inversion হয় → auxiliary + subject। Structure: Never have + subject + V3। Example: Never have so many students passed before.

প্রশ্ন: Not until a student has mastered algebra, ___ the principles of geometry.

(ক) he can begin to understand
(খ) can he begin to understand
(গ) he begins to understand
(ঘ) begins to understand
সঠিক উত্তর: (খ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: ‘Not until’ clause সামনে থাকলে main clause-এ inversion হয়। Auxiliary verb subject-এর আগে আসে। Example: Not until he came did we start.

প্রশ্ন: Not until exhaustive tests have been carried out ___.

(ক) that a new drug is allowed
(খ) is a new drug allowed
(গ) there is a new drug
(ঘ) a new drug is allowed
সঠিক উত্তর: (খ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: ‘Not until’ শুরু হলে main clause-এ inversion হয় → auxiliary + subject। Passive হলেও একই rule প্রযোজ্য।

প্রশ্ন: So quickly ___ he reached home on time.

(ক) he ran as
(খ) he ran that
(গ) did he run that
(ঘ) would he run that
সঠিক উত্তর: (গ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: ‘So + adverb’ দিয়ে শুরু হলে inversion হয় → auxiliary + subject। Structure: So + adv + auxiliary + subject + that clause.

প্রশ্ন: So quickly ___ he reached on time.

(ক) Would he run that
(খ) He ran that
(গ) Did he run that
(ঘ) He ran as
সঠিক উত্তর: (গ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: ‘So…that’ structure-এ যদি ‘so’ শুরুতে থাকে, inversion লাগে। যেমন: So fast did he run that he won.

প্রশ্ন: Never before ___ in an earnest attempt to resolve differences.

(ক) have the leaders met
(খ) the leaders have met
(গ) met the leaders
(ঘ) the leaders had met
সঠিক উত্তর: (ক)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: ‘Never before’ negative adverb হওয়ায় inversion হবে → have + subject + V3। এটি present perfect inverted form।

প্রশ্ন: Only after food has been dried or canned, ___.

(ক) That it should be stored
(খ) Should be stored
(গ) Should it be stored
(ঘ) It should be stored
সঠিক উত্তর: (গ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Only after clause → inversion → auxiliary + subject। Passive হলেও structure একই: Should it be stored.

প্রশ্ন: Never ___ heard of such a thing.

(ক) I have
(খ) have I
(গ) I did
(ঘ) did I
সঠিক উত্তর: (খ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: ‘Never’ দিয়ে শুরু হলে inversion হয় → auxiliary + subject। Present perfect হলে: have I heard।

প্রশ্ন: Rarely ___ seen from water.

(ক) spotted frogs
(খ) spotted frogs have
(গ) have spotted frogs
(ঘ) are spotted frogs
সঠিক উত্তর: (ঘ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Rarely (negative adverb) → inversion → auxiliary আগে। Passive হলে: are + subject + V3। যেমন: Rarely are such sights seen.

প্রশ্ন: _____ so many people been out of work as today.

(ক) More than ever before
(খ) Never before have
(গ) In the past there never have
(ঘ) Formerly there never were
সঠিক উত্তর: (খ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Negative adverb (Never before) দিয়ে sentence শুরু হলে inversion হয় → auxiliary + subject। যেমন: Never before have I seen such beauty.

প্রশ্ন: Not until a monkey is several years old, ___ to exhibit signs of independence.

(ক) it begins
(খ) does it begin
(গ) and begin
(ঘ) beginning
সঠিক উত্তর: (খ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: ‘Not until’ clause শুরুতে এলে main clause-এ inversion হয়। Structure: Not until + clause, auxiliary + subject + verb.

প্রশ্ন: Only after attending classes at a public university, ___.

(ক) I learnt a lot
(খ) I have learnt a lot
(গ) did I learn a lot
(ঘ) did I learnt a lot
সঠিক উত্তর: (গ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: ‘Only after’ দিয়ে শুরু হলে inversion বাধ্যতামূলক → did + subject + base verb। যেমন: Only after the exam did I relax.

প্রশ্ন: Only after watering the saplings ___.

(ক) Mina could have a magnificent garden
(খ) could Mina had a magnificent garden
(গ) Mina could had a magnificent garden
(ঘ) could Mina have a magnificent garden
সঠিক উত্তর: (ঘ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: ‘Only after’ → inversion + modal + subject + base verb। modal-এর পরে V1 হবে। যেমন: Only then could he understand.

প্রশ্ন: Only after doing M.B.A. ___.

(ক) didn't Mina qualify
(খ) did Mina qualify
(গ) had Mina qualify
(ঘ) Mina qualified
সঠিক উত্তর: (খ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Only after + gerund → inversion (did + subject + verb)। Negative form নয়; affirmative inverted structure হবে।

প্রশ্ন: Hardly ___ entered the office when he realized he forgot his wallet.

(ক) he had
(খ) he was
(গ) had he
(ঘ) did he
সঠিক উত্তর: (গ)
ব্যাখ্যা:
Rule: Hardly + had + subject + V3, when clause। এটি fixed inversion structure। যেমন: Hardly had I reached when it started raining.
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